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KHADIRA GRIHYA SUTRA PATALA 1
KHANDA 1.
1 1. Now henceforth the domestic sacrifices (will be explained).
2 2. During the northern course of the sun, at the time of the increasing moon, on auspicious days, before noon: this is the time at which the constellations are lucky, unless a special statement is given.
3 3. At the end (of the ceremonies) he should give to the Brâhmanas to eat according to his ability.
4 4-6. The sacrificial cord is made of a string or of Kusa grass.
5. If he suspends it round his neck and raises the right arm (so as to wear the cord on his left shoulder), he becomes yagñopavîtin.
6. (If he raises) the left (arm and wears the cord on his right shoulder, he becomes) prâkînâvîtin.
7 7-10. After having sipped water three times, let him wipe off the water twice.
I, 1, 1. athâto grihyâkarmâny. 2. udagayanapûrvapakshapunyâheshu prâg âvartanâd anubhah kâloऽnâdese. 3. ऽpavarge yathotsâham brâhmanân âsayed. 4. yagñopavîtam sautram kausam vâ. 5. grîvâyâm pratimukya dakshinam bâhum uddhritya yagñopavîtî bhavati. 6. savyam prâkînâvîtî. 7. trir âkamyâpo dvih parimrigîta.
8. Having besprinkled his feet (with water), let him besprinkle his head.
9. Let him touch the organs of his senses (i.e. his eyes, his nose, and his ears) with water (i.e. with a wet hand).
10. When he has finally touched (water) again, he becomes pure.
11 11-14. (If) sitting, standing, or lying down (is prescribed), he should understand (that it is to be done) on northward-pointed Darbha grass, with the face turned to the east, to the west of the fire with which the sacrifice is performed.
12. If the word Snâna (or bathing) is used, (this refers to the whole body) with the head.
13. (The different ceremonies are) performed with the right hand, if no special rule is given.
14. If it is not clear where a Mantra ends, one should discern it by (adverting to) the beginning of the next Mantra.
15 15. The Mantras have the word svâhâ at their end, when offerings are made.
16 16. The term Pâkayagña is used of every sacrifice that is performed with one fire.
17 17-18. There the Brahman is (present as) officiating priest, with the exception of the morning and evening oblations.
8. pâdâv abhyukshya siroऽbhyukshed. 9. indriyâny adbhih samsprised. 10. antatah pratyupasprisya sukir bhavaty. 11. âsanasthânasamvesanâny udagagreshu darbheshu prâṅmukhasya pratîyât paskâd agner yatra homa syât. 12. sahasirasam snânasabde. 13. dakshinena pâninâ krityam anâdese. 14. mantrântam avyak— tam parasyâdigrahanena vidyât. 15. svâhântâ mantra homeshu. 16. pâkayagña ityâkhya yah kas kaikâgnau. 17. tatra ritvig brahmâ sâyamprâtarhomavargam.
18. The Hotri’s place is filled by (the sacrificer) himself.
19 19. To the south of the fire the Brahman sits facing the north, silently, until the oblation has been performed, on eastward-pointed (Darbha grass).
20 20-22. But if he likes, he may speak of what refers to the sacrifice.
21. Or if he has spoken (words) which are unworthy of the sacrifice, let him murmur the Mahâvyâhritis,
22. Or (the verse), ‘Thus has Vishnu’ (Sv. I, 222).
23 23. If he does himself the work both of the Brahman and of the Hotri, let him sit down on the Brahman’s seat, and (leave that seat) placing a parasol on it, or an outer garment, or a water-pot, and then let him perform his other duties.
24 24. Let him take care not to turn his back to, or become separated (by any person or thing interposed) from what belongs to the sacrifice.
18. svayamhautram. 19. dakshinatoऽgner udaṅmukhas tûshnîm âste brahmâ homât prâgagreshu. 20. kâmam tv adhiyagñam vyâhared. 21. ayagñiyâm vâ vyâhritya mahâvyâhritîr gaped. 22. idam vishnur ita vâ. 23. hautrabrahmatve svayam kurvan brahmâsanam [sic] upavisya khattram uttarâsaṅgam kamandalum vâ tatra kritvâthânyat kuryâd. 24. avyâvrittim yagñâṅgair avyavâyam kekhet.
Footnotes
374:1 I, 1, 1 = Gobhila I, 1, I.
375:17-18 17, 18 = I. 9, 8. 9.
376:20-22 20-22 = I, 6, 17 seqq.
KHANDA 2.
1 1. In the eastern part of his dwelling he should besmear (the place on which the sacrifice will be
2, 1. pûrve bhâge vesmano gomayenopalipya tasya madhyadese lakshanam kuryâd.
performed) with cowdung, and should draw in the middle of it the lines.
2. To the south he should draw a line from west to east.
3. From the beginning of that line (he should draw a line) from south to north; from the end (of the last-mentioned line) one from west to east; between (the first and the third line) three (lines) from west to east.
4. He besprinkles that (place) with water,
5. Establishes the fire (thereon),
6 6-8. Wipes along around (the fire) with the three verses, ‘This praise’ (MB. II, 4, 2-4).
7. To the west of the fire he touches the earth with his two hands turned downwards, with (the verse), ‘We partake of the earth’s’ (MB. II, 4, 1).
8. In night-time (he pronounces that Mantra so that it ends with the word) ‘goods’ (vasu).
9 9-11. Having strewn Darbha grass to the west (of the fire), let him draw (some grass) from the south-end and from the north-end (of what he has strewn), in an eastern direction.
10. Or let him omit this drawing (of Darbha grass to the east),
11. And let him strew (the grass) beginning in the east, so as to keep his right side turned to the
2. dakshinatah prâkîm rekhâm ullikhya. 3. tadârambhâd udîkîm tadavasânât prâkîm tisro madhye prâkîs. 4. tad abhyukshyâ. 5. ऽgnim upasamâdhâya. 6. imam stomam iti parisamûhya trikena. 7. paskâd agner bhûmau nyañkau pânî kritvedam bhûmer iti. 8. vasvantam râtrau. 9. paskâd darbhân âstîrya dakshinatah prâkîm prakarshed uttaratas kâ. 10. ऽprakrishya vâ. 11. pûrvopakramam pradakshinam agnim strinuyân mûlâny agrais khâdayan trivritam pañkavritam vo.
fire, covering the roots (of the Darbha blades) with the points, in three layers or in five layers.
12 12-16. Sitting down he cuts off two span-long Darbha points, not with his nail, with (the words), ‘Purifiers are ye, sacred to Vishnu.’
13. He wipes them with water, with (the words), ‘By Vishnu’s mind are ye purified.’
14. Holding them with his two thumbs and fourth fingers so that their points are turned to the north, he three times purifies the Âgya (with them), with (the words), ‘May the god Savitri purify thee with this uninjured purifier, with the rays of the good sun.’
15. Having sprinkled them (with water) he should throw them into the fire.
16. Having put the Âgya on the fire he should take it (from the fire) towards the north
17 17-21. Bending his right knee he should pour out to the south of the fire his joined hands full of water with (the words), ‘Aditi! Give thy consent!’
18. To the west with (the words), Anumati! Give thy consent!’
19. To the north with (the words), ‘Sarasvatî! Give thy consent!’
12. ऽpavisya darbhâgre prâdesamâtre prakhinatti na nakhena pavitre stho vaishnavyâv ity. 13. adbhir unmrigya Vishnor manasâ pûte stha ity. 14. udagagreऽngushthâbhyâm anâmikâbhyâm ka samgrihya trir âgyam utpunâti devas tvâ Savitotpunâtv akhidrena pavitrena vasos sûryasya rasmibhir ity. 15. abhyukshyâgnâv anuprahared. 16. âgyam adhisrityottaratah kuryâd. 17. dakshinagânvakto dakshinenâgnim Aditeऽnumanyasvety udakâñgalim prasiñked. 18. Anumateऽnumanyasveti paskât. 19. Sarasvate [sic, comp. Hiranyakesi-Grihya I, 1, 2, 9] numanyasvety uttaratah.
20. With (the words), ‘God Savitri! Give thy impulse!’ (MB. I, 1, 1) he should sprinkle (water) round the fire so as to keep his right side turned towards it, encompassing what he is going to offer (with the water).
21. (This he does) once or thrice.
22 22. He puts a piece of wood on (the fire).
23 23. He should murmur the Prapada formula (MB. II, 4, 5), hold his breath, fix his thoughts on something good, and should emit his breath when beginning the Virûpâksha formula (MB. II, 4, 6).
24 24-25. At ceremonies for the attainment of special wishes (he should do so) for each of the objects (which he wishes to attain).
25. He should do so always at sacrifices.
20. deva Savitah prasuveti pradakshinam agnim paryukshed abhipariharan havyam. 21. sakrit trir vâ. 22. samidham âdhaya. 23. prapadam gapitvopatâmya kalyânam dhyâyan vairûpâksham ârabhyokkhvaset. 24. pratikâmam kâmyeshu. 25. sarvatraitad dhomeshu kuryât.
Footnotes
376:1 2, 1 seqq.=Gobhila I, 1, 9 seqq.
378:12-16 12-16 = I, 7, 21-27.
378:17-21 17-21 = I, 3, 1 seqq.
KHANDA 3.
1 1. A student after he has studied the Veda and has offered a present to his teacher, should, with permission (of his parents), take a wife.
2 2. And (he should take) the bath (which signifies the end of studentship).
3 3-4. Of these two (acts the taking of) the bath comes first.
3, 1. brahmakârî vedam adhîtyopanyâhritya guraveऽnugñâto dârân kurvîtâ. 2. ऽplavanañ ka. 3. tayor âplavanam pûrvam.
4. As, however, in the (collection of) Mantras marriage is treated of (first), it is explained (here) before (the bath).
5 5. A Brâhmana with a water-pot, wrapped in his robe, keeping silence, should step in front of the fire and should station himself (to the south of it) with his face to the north.
6 6. After (the bride) has taken a bath, (the bridegroom) should dress her in a garment that has not yet been washed, with (the verse), ‘They who spun’ (MB. I, 1, 5). While she is led up (to him), the bridegroom should murmur (the verse), ‘Soma gave her’ (l.l. 7).
7 7. To the south of the bridegroom he (who has led her to him) should make her sit down.
8. While she touches him, (the bridegroom) should make oblations of Âgya with the Sruva, picking out (portions of it [comp. Pâraskara II, 14, 131), with the Mahâvyâhritis.
9. A fourth (oblation) with (the three Mahâvyâhritis) together.
10. The same at the ceremonies of the tonsure (of the child’s head), of the initiation (of the Brahmakârin), and of the cutting of the beard.
4. mantrâbhivâdât tu pânigrahanasya (correct, pânigrahanam?) pûrvam vyâkhyâtam. 5. brâhmanas sahodakumbhah prâvrito vâgyatoऽgrenâgnim gatvodaṅmukhas tishthet. 6. snâtâm ahatenâkhâdya yâ akrintann ity ânîyamânâyâm pânigrâhogapet Somoऽdadad iti. 7. pânigrâhasya dakshinata upavesayed. 8. anvârabdhâyâm sruvenopaghâtam mahâvyâhritibhir âgyam guhuyât. 9. samastâbhis katurthîm. 10. evam kaulopanayanagodâneshv.
11. And at the marriage (he makes oblations) with the six verses, ‘May Agni go as the first’ (MB. I, I, 9 seqq.).
12. At Âgya oblations, unless a special rule is given, the two Âgya portions and the Svishtakrit oblation (are) not (offered).
13. After (the chief oblations he should) always (make oblations) with the Mahâvyâhritis,
14 14-15. And with the (verse) sacred to Pragâpati.
15. He should make an expiatory oblation.
16 16-31. After the sacrifice they both arise.
17. (The bridegroom) should pass behind (the bride’s) back, station himself to the south, and seize the bride’s hand.
18. Her mother who has, towards the east, put fried grain mixed with Samî leaves into a basket,
19. Should make the bride tread with the tip of her right foot on an upper mill-stone, to the west of the fire, with (the verse which the bridegroom repeats), ‘On this stone’ (MB. I, 2, 1).
20. Her brother, filling once his joined hands
11. Agnir etu prathama iti shadbhis ka pânigrahane. 12. nâgyabhâgau na svishtakrid âgyâhutishv anâdese. 13. sarvatroparishtân mahâvyâhritibhih 1. 14. prâgâpatyayâ ka. 15. prâyaskittam guhuyâd. 16. dhutvopottishthato. 17. ऽnuprishtham gatvâ dakshinatoऽvasthâya vadhvañgalim grihnîyât. 18. pûrvâ mâtâ samîpalâsamisrân (var. lect. °misrâl) lâgâñ khûrpe kritvâ. 19. paskâd agner drishatputram âkramayed vadhûm dakshinena prapadenemam asmânam iti. 20. sakridgrihîtam añgalim lâgânâm vadhvañgalâv âvaped bhrâtâ.
with fried grain, should pour it into the bride’s joined hands.
21 21. Or some friend (instead of the brother).
22. That she should sacrifice over the fire without opening her joined hands with (the verse which the bridegroom repeats), ‘This woman’ (MB. I, 2, 2).
23. (The verses), ‘Aryaman’ and ‘Pûshan’ (l.l. 3, 4) (are repeated) at the two following (oblations of fried grain).
24. After that sacrifice he should go back in the same way (see Sûtra 17), and should lead her round the fire, so that their right sides are turned towards it with (the formula), ‘The maid from the fathers’ (l.l. 5).
25. (These rites), beginning from his stationing himself (to the south, Sûtra 17), (are performed) thrice.
26. After (she) has poured the remnants (of the fried grain) into the fire, he should make her step forward in a north-eastern direction with (the formula), ‘For sap with one step’ (l.l. 6, 7).
27. The looking at the lookers-on, the mounting of the chariot, the reciting (of Mantras) at places difficult to pass (on the way of the bridegroom and the bride, is performed) with (verses) suited (to those different occasions).
21. suhrid vâ kaskit. 22. tam sâgnau guhuyâd avikhidyâñgalim iyam nârîty. 23. Aryamanam Pûshanam ity uttarayor. 24. hute tenaiva gatvâ pradakshinam agnim parinayet kanyalâ pitribhya ity. 25. avasthânaprabhrity evam tris. 26. sûrpena sishtân agnâv opya prâgudîkîm utkramayed ekam isha itî. 27. ऽkshakâvekshanarathârohanadurgânumantranâny abhirûpâbhir.
28. Walking forward behind the fire, the water-carrier (see Sûtra 5) should besprinkle the bridegroom on his forehead.
29. So also the bride.
30. When he has thus been besprinkled, (he should repeat the verse), ‘May (the Visve devâs) anoint (or, unite)’ (MB. I, 2, 9).
31. He should seize her right hand, together with the thumb, with the six (verses), ‘I seize thy hand’ (MB. I, 2, 10 seqq.).
28. aparenâgnim auduko gatvâ pânigrâham mûrdhany avasiñked. 29. vadhûm ka. 30. samañgantv ity avasikto. 31. dakshinam pânim sâṅgushtham grihnîyâd gribhnâmi ta iti shadbhih.
Footnotes
379:1 3, 1 = Gobhila III, 4, 1.
380:7 7 seqq. = II, I, 23 seqq.; I, 9, 26 seqq.
381:16-31 16-31 = II, 2, 1 seqq.
381:1 Possibly the Sûtras 12 and 13 should be divided thus: 12. nâgyabhâgau na svishtakrid âgyâhutishv. 13. anâdese sarvatr° &c. Comp. Gobhila I, 9, 26. 27; Sâṅkhâyana I, 12, 13; 9, 10.
382:21 (21 and a part of 27 desunt.)
KHANDA 4.
1 1-11. He should carry her away in a north-eastern direction.
2. In a Brâhmana’s house he should establish the (nuptial) fire, should spread out to the west of the fire a red bull’s hide with the hair outside and with the neck to the east, and should make her, who has to keep silence, sit down (thereon).
3. When (somebody) has said that a star has appeared, he should, while she touches him, make oblations (of Âgya) with the Sruva, picking out (portions of it), with the six (verses) commencing with (the verse), ‘In the lines’ (MB. I, 3, 1 seqq.). The remnants he should pour out over the bride’s head.
4, 1. prâgudîkîm udvahed. 2. brâhmanakuleऽgnim upasamâdhâya paskâd agner lohitam karmânaduham uttaraloma prâggrîvam âstîrya vâgyatâm upavesayet. 3. prokte nakshatreऽnvârabdhâyâm sruvenopaghâtam guhuyât shadbhir lekhâprabhritibhih sampâtân avanayan mûrdhani vadhvâh.
4. Having circumambulated the fire so that their right sides are turned towards it, he shows her the polar star (literally, the firm one), with the verse, ‘Firm is the sky’ (l.l. 7).
5. She should break her silence by respectfully calling her Gurus by their Gotra names.
6. A cow constitutes the sacrificial fee.
7. Here the Arghya ceremony should be performed.
8. (Or rather it should be performed) when they have come (to their house), according to some (teachers): [comp. Sâṅkh. I, 12, 10.]
9. Through a period of three nights they should avoid eating saline food and drinking milk, and should sleep together without having conjugal intercourse.
10. Having murmured over food which is fit for sacrifice, the (verses), ‘With the tie of food (MB. I, 3, 8-10), he should pronounce the wife’s name, N.N.!’
11. After he has sacrificed (or, eaten?) he should give the rest to the wife.
12 12-13. After the lapse of that period of three nights, he should make oblations of Âgya with the four
4. pradakshinam agnim parikramya dhruvam darsayati dhruvâ dyaur ity. 5. abhivâdya gurûn (gurum, Gobhila) gotrena visriged vâkam. 6. gaur dakshinâ. 7. ऽtrârghyam. 8. âgateshv ity eke. 9. trirâtram kshâralavane dugdharn iti vargayantau (vargayânau the MSS.) saha sayîyâtâm (sayyâtâm, saryyatâm the MSS.) brahmakârinau. 10. havishyam annam parigapyânnapâsenety asâv iti vadhvâ nâma brûyâd. 11. hutvokkhishtam (bhuktv°?) vadhvai dadyâd. 12. ûrdhvam trirâtrâk katasribhir âgyam guhuyâd Agne prâyaskittir iti samasya pañkamîm sampâtân avanayann udapâtre.
verses, ‘Agni, thou art expiation’ (MB. I, 4, I seqq.). A fifth (oblation) combining (the names of the four gods invoked in those verses). The remnants (of Âgya) he should pour into a water-pot.
13. With that (Âgya) he should wash her, including her hair and nails.
14 14. Thenceforward he should behave as required by circumstances.
15 15-16. At the time of her courses he should touch with his right hand her secret parts with (the verse), ‘May Vishnu make thy womb ready’ (MB. I, 4, 6).
16. When (that verse) is finished, he should cohabit with her, with (the verse), ‘Give conception’ (l.l. 7).
13. tenainâm sakesanakhâm âplâvayet. 14. tato yathârtham syâd. 15. ritukâle dakshinena pâninopastham âlabhed Vishnur yonim kalpayatv iti. 16. samâptâyâm sambhaved garbhan dhehîti.
Footnotes
383:1-11 4, 1-11 = Gobhila II, 3, 1 seqq.
384:12-13 12-13 = II, 5, 1 seqq.
385:15-16 15, 16 = II, 5, 9, 10.
KHANDA 5.
1 1-9. The fire used at his wedding (is kept as) his (sacred) domestic fire.
2. Or that on which he (as a student) puts the last piece of wood.
3. Or (a fire) kindled by attrition: that is pure, but it does not bring prosperity.
4. Or he may get it from a frying-pan.
5. Or from the house of one who offers many sacrifices, with the exception of a Sûdra.
5, 1. yasminn agnau pânim grihnîyât sa grihyo. 2. yasmin vântyâm samidham âdadhyân. 3. nirmanthyo vâ punyas soऽnardhuko. 4. ऽmbarîshâd vânayed. 5. bahuyâgino vâgârâk khûdravargam.
6. The service (at that sacred domestic fire) begins with an evening oblation.
7. After (the fire) has been set in a blaze before sunset or sunrise—
8. The sacrifice (is performed) after sunset,
9. (And) after sunrise or before sunrise.
10 10-19. He should with his hand make oblations of food which is fit for sacrifice, having washed it, if it is raw.
11. If it consists in curds or milk, with a brazen bowl,
12. Or with the pot in which the oblations of cooked rice are prepared.
13. (In the evening the first oblation with the formula), ‘To Agni Svâhâ!’ in the middle (of the sacred fire);
14. The second (oblation) silently in the northeastern part (of the fire).
15. In the morning the first (oblation with the formula), ‘To Sûrya (Svâhâ)!’
16. The wiping round the fire and the similar acts, with the exception of the sprinkling (of water) round (the fire), are omitted here.
17. Some (teachers say) that his wife may offer these oblations, for the wife is (as it were) the house, and that fire is the domestic fire.
6. sâyamâhutyupakramam parikaranam. 7. prâg astamayodayâbhyâm prâdushkrityâ. 8. ऽstam ite homa. 9. udite kânudite vâ. 10. havishyasyânnasyâkritam ket prakshâlya guhuyât pâninâ. 11. dadhi ket payo vâ kamsena. 12. karusthâlyâ vâ. 13. ऽgnaye svâheti madhye. 14. tûshnîm prâgudîkîm uttarâm. 15. Sûryâyeti prâtah pûrvâm. 16. nâtra parisamûhanâdîni paryukshanavargam. 17. patnî guhuyâd ity eke grihâh patnî grihyoऽgnir esha iti.
18. When (the meal) is ready, in the evening and in the morning, (the wife) should say, ‘It is ready! and (the husband) with loud voice, ‘Om!’
19. Then in a low voice: ‘May it not fail! Adoration to thee!’
20 20-37. Of food which is fit for sacrifice he should make oblations to Pragâpati and to (Agni) Svishtakrit.
21. Then he should make the Bali offerings.
22. He should put down (a Bali) at four places, inside or outside (the Agnyagâra);
23. (Another Bali) near the water-barrel;
24. (Another) at the middle door;
25. (Another) in the bed,
26. Or in the privy;
27. Another on the heap of sweepings.
28. He should sprinkle each (Bali with water) before and afterwards.
29. The remnants he should pour out together with water towards the south.
30. Of chaff, of water, and of the scum of boiled rice (he should offer a Bali) when a donation has been made.
18. siddhe sâyamprâtar bhûtam ity ukta om ity ukkair brûyât. 19. ma kshâ namas ta ity upâmsu. 20. havishyasyânnasya guhuyât prâgâpatyam sauvishtakritam ka. 21. balim nayed. 22. bahir antar vâ katur nidhâya. 23. manikadese. 24. madhye dvâri. 25. sayyâm anu. 26. varkam [sic] vâ. 27. ऽtha sastûpam. 28. ekaikam ubhayatah parishiñkek. 29. khesham adbhis sârdham dakshinâ ninayet. 30. phalîkaranânâm apâm âkâmasveti (read, âkâmasyeti) visrânite.
31. The gods to whom the Bali offerings belong, are, the Earth, Vâyu, Pragâpati, the Visve devâs, the Waters, the Herbs and Trees, the Ether, Kama or Manyu, the hosts of Rakshas, the Fathers, Rudra.
32. He should do so silently.
33. He should do so (i.e. offer Balis) of all food.
34. If for one meal the food gets ready at different times, he should do so only once.
35. If (food is prepared) at different places, (he should take) that which belongs to the householder.
36. Of all food he should offer (something) in the fire, and give the due portion to a Brâhmana; he should do so himself.
37. From the rice(-harvest) till the barley(-harvest), or from the barley(-harvest) till the rice(-harvest) he should offer (the Balis) himself. He should offer (the Balis) himself.
End of the First Patala.
31. Prithivî Vâyuh Pragâpatir Visve devâ Âpa Oshadhivanaspataya Âkâsah Kâmo Manyur vâ Rakshoganâh Pitaro Rudra iti balidaivatâni. 32. tûshnîm to kuryât. 33. sarvasya tv annasyaitat kuryâd. 34. asakrik ked ekasmin kale siddhe sakrid eva kuryâd. 35. bahudhâ ked yad grihapateh. 36. sarvasya tv annasyâgnau kritvâgram brâhmanâya dadyât; svayam kuryâd. 37. vrîhiprabhrity â yavebhyo yavebhyo vâऽvrîhibhya svayam haret svayam haret. prathamapatalah.
Footnotes
385:1-9 5, 1-9 = Gobhila I, 1, 20-28.
386:10-19 10-19 = I, 3, 6-18 (16 deest).
