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Lord Shiva is always associated with his beloved wife goddess Parvati. But goddess Parvati was the second wife of Shiva. His first love, his first wife was goddess Sati. Goddess Sati, a personification of the divine female energy, took human birth at the suggestion of Brahma, the Lord of Creation. She was born daughter to Daksha Prajapati, son of Brahma. In asking Goddess Sati to take human birth, Brahma’s plan was that she would entice Shiva with humble devotions bringing him out of his long meditation and marry him.
It was natural that Goddess Sati, as a child, adored the tales and legends associated with Shiva and grew up an ardent devotee. From the time she was five all she wanted to do was to worship the great lord Shiva. As Sati grew to womanhood, the idea of marrying anyone else, as proposed by her father, became abhorrent to her. Every proposal from valiant and rich kings made her crave the ascetic Shiva of Kailāsa even more.
To win the heart of the ascetic Shiva, the daughter of Daksha renounced the luxuries of her father’s palace and retired to a forest, to devote herself to austerities and the worship of Shiva. So rigorous were her penances that she gradually renounced food itself, at one stage subsisting on one bilva leaf a day, and then giving up even that. Finally all of her devotion brought the great god out of his long meditation. He appeared before Sati one day smitten with love and asked her to be his bride
An ecstatic Sati returned to her father’s home to await her bridegroom, but found her father less than elated by the turn of events. Her father Daksha, the son of Brahma, was a proud and haughty king and didn’t think much of Shiva calling him a dirty, roaming ascetic. The wedding was however held when Brahma intervened. A huge celebration was planned and all the gods, goddesses, and sages were invited. It was indeed a royal feast and there was much rejoicing, because the world was always a happier place when Shiva came out of his long meditations in order to find his beloved once again in earthly form. And so unimaginably blissful eons passed, for a thousand years in human time is but the blink of an immortal’s eye.
Sati’s father Daksha had never approved of his daughter’s marriage. To Daksha, Shiva was an unorthodox hermit, who frequented cremation grounds. No yogi with long matted hair, who consumes intoxicants, sings and dances whenever he pleases, was a worthy husband for his daughter. Daksha thrived on rules and regulations. Shiva was his antithesis. After Sati’s marriage, Daksha distanced himself from his daughter, and his son-in-law, Shiva.
Shortly after Sati had left her home with her father to live with Shiva, Daksha organized a great party, a yagna or ritual sacrifice. He invited all the members of his family, allies, gods, sages, courtiers and subjects. Consciously excluding Sati and Shiva from the list, he also set up a statue of Shiva, at the entrance to his hall, which he defiled and mocked. Wanting to visit her parents, relatives and childhood friends, Sati sought to rationalize this omission. She reasoned within herself that her parents had neglected to make a formal invitation to them only because, as family, such formality was unnecessary; certainly, she needed no invitation to visit her own mother. Goddess Sati was hurt by her father’s refusal to acknowledge her marriage and her husband and decided to go to the party.
Shiva tried to dissuade her, but she had resolved go, so he provided her with an escort of his ganas and requested that she maintain her composure in the face of insults that Daksha would heap upon him.
When she arrived her father asked her why she was there, as she was not invited. Her father, sniggering, said “Perhaps you have come to your senses and have had it with your wild animal of a husband, isn’t he also called Lord of the Beasts?” Daksha explained that he could not sully his glorious celebration by inviting a dirty disheveled god like Shiva who hung out in graveyards with thieves and criminals, with the sick and the hungry, who had matted hair and wore a loincloth of animal skins. Some of the guests began to laugh. Sati was hurt by the insult to her husband, and when she questioned her father, received only harsh words. Sati was devastated. When her father tried to taunt her again she remained silent, letting go of all desire to continue to argue with her father she trembled with disgust and indignation at having been so cruelly let down by the one man upon whom she, as a daughter, should always be able to rely. Instead she made an internal resolve to relinquish all family ties. She summoned up her strength and spoke this vow to her father, “Since you have given me this body I no longer wish to be associated with it.” She walked past her father and sat in a meditative seat on the ground. Closing her eyes, envisioning her true Lord, Goddess Sati fell into a mystic trance. Going deep within herself she began to increase her own inner fire through yogic exercises until her body burst into flames.
Hearing what had happened, Shiva’s attendants rushed inside the ceremony hall and started attacking all the guests present there; however, they were defeated and retreated back to Shiva’s abode. Upon hearing the news of his beloved wife’s death, Shiva, was first shocked and saddened, then enraged. He fell into the deepest and darkest place he could find. He tore his hair out, and fashioned from this hair the fiercest of warriors, Lord Shiva named this warrior, Veerabhadra. (Vira -hero + Bhadra – friend). Shiva then commanded Veerabhadra to go to the yagna and destroy Daksha and all the guests. Upon Shiva’s orders, Veerabhadra stormed the yagya and killed Daksha as well as many of the guests.
Terrified and with remorse the surviving guests and other Gods begged Lord Shiva for mercy and to restore Daksha’s life. Shiva arrived at Daksha’s palace to see the damage that Veerabhadra had done and absorbed Veerabhadra back into his own form. Shiva’s anger was gone and he was filled with sorrow. This sorrow turned to compassion when he saw the bloody aftermath of Veerabhradra. Shiva found Daksha’s headless body and giving it the head of a goat, brought Daksha back to life. Overwhelmed by Siva’s generous gesture, Daksha called Shiva, Shankar, the kind and benevolent one. With Daksha’s pride put in check he bowed in awe and humility to Shiva Shankar. The other gods and goddesses followed his lead and honored Shiva.
Tenderly and carefully he gathered up the sacred body of the Divine Mother and walked away from the scene, carrying the lifeless body of his beloved wife, wandering to where he did not know. But one thing he was sure of was that he would find the most isolated place possible and once again become an ascetic recluse. Shiva began roaming the earth, walking up and down mountains miles high with his beloved clasped tightly to his heart. He went up to the wildest crags and bellowed to the howling winds. The other gods followed not knowing how to help restore him to sanity. They tried words, they tried mantras, chanting, even tricks, jokes, and dancing. Nothing worked. The Gods called upon Lord Vishnu to return Shiva to sanity. Vishnu used his Sudarshana Chakra to cut Sati’s lifeless body into 52 pieces which fell to earth at various places. These 52 places are called Shakti Peethas, and became places of pilgrimage.
Finally when the last part of the body fell away, Shiva sat down at the banks of the source of the Ganges where he had sat once a long time ago when he agreed to let the river Ganga fall on his head, so that its impact would not tear the world apart.
And so Shiva too went into long deep meditation.
Another interpretation that comes from Ramacharitramanas is that, Shiva was always fond of Ram and Sati could never understand this fondness of Shiva for the human prince. One day to test Rama, Sati assumed the form of Rama’s wife Sita and approached Ram. However, Rama recognized the trick of Sati. He first introduced himself and then asked with a smile “Where is Shiva? Why are you roaming in the forest alone?” After listening to Rama’s words, Sati hesitated a lot and returned to Shiva in fear. She became sad and regretted doubting Shiva. Although Sati did not say anything, Shiva being omniscient came to know of everything. Legends say that since Shiva worshiped Rama, Sita was like a mother to him, and since then Shiva did not accept Sati as his wife because she had taken Devi Sita’s form. This event was then followed by the huge yagna that Daksha had organized, and insulted her husband. It was then and there Sati realized that her life was no longer worth living and she should have reincarnation, she would come to him again. She would return as Parvati, the daughter of the King and Queen of the Himalayas and be his bride once again.
Virincih panchatvam vrajati harir aapnoti virathim
Vinasham keenasho bhajati dhanado yati nidhanam |
Vitandri mahendri vithathir api sammeelitha-drsa
Maha-samhare’ smin viharati sati tvat-patirasau ||– Soundarya Lahari 26
Meaning: O Sati, the Queen of chastity! Lord Brahma goes back to five elements!
Lord Vishnu ceases to exist!
Lord Yama meets death! Lord Kubera passes away!
Ever wakeful eyes of Lord Indra close forever!
During the complete dissolution, only your Lord(Shiva) moves around. ( because of your strong devotion.)
